The Scripps Research Institute has paved the groundwork to implement an 8 person clinical trial in which they will surgically implant re-engineered neurons developed as non-embryonic IPS stem cells, into the brains of Parkinson's patients. Once injected into the brain, these new neurons are expected to fully integrate within the brain matter, forming the necessary connections with adjacent neurons to produce dopamine in imperative brain locations. Regulatory discussions are currently under way with the FDA, with hopes to begin the trial in mid 2014.